Package org.snmp4j

package org.snmp4j

Provides classes and interfaces for creating, sending, and receiving SNMP messages.

The org.snmp4j classes are capable of creating, sending, and receiving SNMPv1/v2c/v3 messages. A SNMP message is composed of its message header and its PDU payload. This package contains three main groups of classes and interfaces:

• Classes for SNMP message and target creation
• Classes for SNMP message sending (command generation)
• Classes for SNMP message dispatching (command responding)

The following UML package diagram illustrates the dependencies between the packages of the core SNMP4J API. Users of the API normally only need to use the org.snmp4j and the org.snmp4j.smi packages directly.

The following UML class diagram shows the most important classes of the org.snmp4j package and their relationships (relationships to other packages are not shown):.

SNMP Messages and Targets

To exchange a SNMP message with a remote system, that system has to be identified, retransmission, and timeout policy information about the message exchange has to be specified. A remote system is specified with SNMP4J by creating a Target instance appropriate for the SNMP protocol to be used.

• For SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c the CommunityTarget has to be used which provides community information in addition to the address, retransmission, and timeout policy information defined by the Target interface.
• For SNMPv3 the UserTarget has to be used instead. It extends the SecureTarget abstract class and provides the following User Based Security Model (USM) user information: security name, security level, security model (i.e. USM), and authoritative engine ID.

A SNMP message consists of the message's payload, the SNMP Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and a message header. Simplified said, in SNMP4J the message header information is represented by Target instances and the PDU is represented by one of the following classes:

• PDUv1 (SNMPv1)
• PDU (SNMPv2c)
• ScopedPDU (SNMPv3)

Thus, in order to be able to send a SNMP message with SNMP4J, a PDU instance and a Target instance have to be created.

PDU Examples

• SNMPv1/v2c GETNEXT PDU

  
  import org.snmp4j.PDU;
  import org.snmp4j.smi.*;
  ...
  PDU pdu = new PDU();
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1"))); // sysDescr
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.1"))); // ifNumber
  pdu.setType(PDU.GETNEXT);
  ...
      

• SNMPv3 GETBULK PDU

  
  import org.snmp4j.ScopedPDU;
  import org.snmp4j.smi.*;
  ...
  ScopedPDU pdu = new ScopedPDU();
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.1"))); // ifNumber
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10"))); // ifInOctets
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16"))); // ifOutOctets
  pdu.setType(PDU.GETBULK);
  pdu.setMaxRepetitions(50);
  // Get ifNumber only once
  pdu.setNonRepeaters(1);
  // set context non-default context (default context does not need to be set)
  pdu.setContextName(new OctetString("subSystemContextA"));
  // set non-default context engine ID (to use targets authoritative engine ID
  // use an empty (size == 0) octet string)
  pdu.setContextEngineID(OctetString.fromHexString("80:00:13:70:c0:a8:01:0d"));
  ...
      

• SNMPv1 TRAP PDU

  
  import org.snmp4j.PDUv1;
  ...
  PDUv1 pdu = new PDUv1();
  pdu.setType(PDU.V1TRAP);
  pdu.setGenericTrap(PDUv1.COLDSTART);
  ...
      

• SNMPv2c/SNMPv3 INFORM PDU

  
  import org.snmp4j.ScopedPDU;
  ...
  ScopedPDU pdu = new ScopedPDU();
  pdu.setType(PDU.INFORM);
  // sysUpTime
  long sysUpTime = (System.nanoTime() - startTime) / 10000000;  // 10^-7
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(SnmpConstants.sysUpTime, new TimeTicks(sysUpTime)));
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(SnmpConstants.snmpTrapOID, SnmpConstants.linkDown));
  // payload
  pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1"+downIndex),
                              new Integer32(downIndex)));
  ...
      

Target Examples

• Community Target

  
  CommunityTarget target = new CommunityTarget();
  target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
  target.setAddress(targetAddress);
  target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version1);
      

• User Target

  
  UserTarget target = new UserTarget();
  target.setAddress(targetAddress);
  target.setRetries(1);
  // set timeout to 500 milliseconds: 2*500ms = 1s total timeout
  target.setTimeout(500);
  target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version3);
  target.setSecurityLevel(SecurityLevel.AUTH_PRIV);
  target.setSecurityName(new OctetString("MD5DES"));
      

Sending SNMP messages

SNMP message are sent with SNMP4J by using a instance of the SNMP Session interface. The default implementation of this interface is the Snmp class.

To setup a Snmp instance it is sufficient to call its constructor with a TransportMapping instance. The transport mapping is used by the SNMP session to send (and receive) SNMP message to a remote systems by using a transport protocol, for example the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

A SNMP4J Snmp instance supports SNMP v1, v2c, and v3 by default. By sub-classing Snmp other combinations of those SNMP protocol versions can be supported.

With SNMP4J, SNMP messages can be sent synchronously (blocking) and asynchronously (non-blocking). The Snmp class does not use an internal thread to process responses on asynchronous and synchronous requests. Nevertheless it uses the receiver threads of the transport mappings to process responses.

Asynchronous responses are returned by calling a callback method on an object instance that implements the ResponseListener interface. The callback is carried out on behalf of the transport mapping thread that received the response packet from the wire. Thus, if the called method blocks, the delivery of synchronous and asynchronous messages received on the listen port of that transport mapping will be also blocked. Other transport mapping will not be affected. Blocking can be avoided by either using synchronous messages only or by decoupling the processing within the callback method.

Example for Sending a Synchronous Message

import org.snmp4j.*;
...
Snmp snmp = new Snmp(new DefaultUdpTransportMapping());
snmp.listen();
...
ResponseEvent response = snmp.send(requestPDU, target);
if (response.getResponse() == null) {
    // request timed out
    ...
}
else {
    System.out.println("Received response from: "+
                       response.getPeerAddress());
    // dump response PDU
    System.out.println(response.getResponse().toString());
}

Example for Sending an Asynchronous Message

import org.snmp4j.*;
import org.snmp4j.event.*;
...
Snmp snmp = new Snmp(new DefaultUdpTransportMapping());
snmp.listen();
...
ResponseListener listener = new ResponseListener() {
    public void onResponse(ResponseEvent event) {
       // Always cancel async request when response has been received
       // otherwise a memory leak is created! Not canceling a request
       // immediately can be useful when sending a request to a broadcast
       // address.
       ((Snmp)event.getSource()).cancel(event.getRequest(), this);
        PDU response = event.getResponse();
        PDU request = event.getRequest();
        if (response == null) {
            System.out.println("Request "+request+" timed out");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("Received response "+response+" on request "+
                               request);
        }
    }
};
snmp.sendPDU(request, target, null, listener);
...

Receiving SNMP messages

SNMP4J receives SNMP messages through the listen port of transport mappings. In order to be able to receive responses or requests, that port needs to be set into listen mode. This has to be done by calling the listen() method of the TransportMapping instance to start the transport mappings internal listen thread. The internal thread is stopped and the listen port is closed by calling the close() method on the TransportMapping instance or the associated Snmp instance.

The transport mapping just receives the SNMP mesage as a stream of bytes and forwards the message to associated MessageDispatcher instances. By default, SNMP4J uses one instance of the MessageDispatcherImpl class for decoding and dispatching incoming messages. That instance is created and used internally by the Snmp class.

The Snmp class processes responses to outstanding requests and forwards PDUs of other SNMP messages to registered CommandResponder listener instances. To receive SNMP messages it is thus sufficient to

1. Create a TransportMapping and initialize its listen port by calling TransportMapping.listen().
2. Create a Snmp instance with the above TransportMapping.
3. Instantiate a class that implements the CommandResponder interface and register it with the Snmp instance by calling Snmp.addCommandResponder(CommandResponder).

When a unhandled SNMP message (thus a SNMP message where no corresponding outstanding request exists) is received, then the processPdu(CommandResponderEvent) method of the CommandResponder will be called with the decoded PDU and additional information about the received SNMP message provided by the message processing model that has decoded the SNMP message.

Example for Receiving SNMP Messages

import org.snmp4j.*;
import org.snmp4j.smi.*;
import org.snmp4j.mp.SnmpConstants;
...
TransportMapping transport =
    new DefaultUdpTransportMapping(new UdpAddress("0.0.0.0/161"));
Snmp snmp = new Snmp(transport);
if (version == SnmpConstants.version3) {
    byte[] localEngineID =
        ((MPv3)snmp.getMessageProcessingModel(MessageProcessingModel.MPv3)).createLocalEngineID();
    USM usm = new USM(SecurityProtocols.getInstance(),
                      new OctetString(localEngineID), 0);
    SecurityModels.getInstance().addSecurityModel(usm);
    snmp.setLocalEngine(localEngineID, 0, 0);
    // Add the configured user to the USM
    ...
}
snmp.addCommandResponder(this);
snmp.listen();
...
public synchronized void processPdu(CommandResponderEvent e) {
    PDU command = e.getPdu();
    if (command != null) {
    ...
    }
}

Related Packages

Package	Description
org.snmp4j.asn1	Provides classes and interfaces for the mapping between Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) formatted values and their transfer syntax according to the Basic Encoding Rules (BER).
org.snmp4j.event	Provides classes and interfaces for SNMP4J event processing.
org.snmp4j.log
org.snmp4j.mp	Provides classes and interfaces for the SNMP message processing.
org.snmp4j.security	Provides classes and interfaces for authentication and privacy of SNMP(v3) messages.
org.snmp4j.smi	Provides classes for the representation of SMIv1/v2 data types (which also includes some basic ASN.1 primitive data types).
org.snmp4j.transport	Provides transport protocol mappings for SNMP.
org.snmp4j.uri
org.snmp4j.util	Contains table retrieval utilities and multi-threading support classes as well as miscellaneous utility classes.
org.snmp4j.version

Class	Description
AbstractTarget	A AbstractTarget class is an abstract representation of a remote SNMP entity.
CertifiedIdentity	The CertifiedIdentity interface describes an identity that is associated with a client certificate fingerprint and a server certificate fingerprint.
CertifiedTarget	The CertifiedTarget class implements a SecureTarget for usage with SecurityModels that support secured connections using client and server certificates.
CommandResponder	CommandResponder process incoming request, report and notification PDUs.
CommandResponderEvent	The CommandResponderEvent is fired by the MessageDispatcher to listeners that potentially can process the included request, report, or trap/notification.
CommunityTarget	A CommunityTarget represents SNMP target properties for community based message processing models (SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c).
DefaultTimeoutModel	The DefaultTimeoutModel implements a timeout model that uses constant timeouts between retries.
MessageDispatcher	The MessageDispatcher interface defines common services of instances that process incoming SNMP messages and dispatch them to interested CommandResponder instances.
MessageDispatcherImpl	The MessageDispatcherImpl decodes and dispatches incoming messages using MessageProcessingModel instances and encodes and sends outgoing messages using an appropriate TransportMapping instances.
MessageException	The MessageException represents information about an exception occurred during message processing.
MutablePDU	The MutablePDU is a container for a PDU instance.
PDU	The PDU class represents a SNMP protocol data unit.
PDUv1	The PDUv1 represents SNMPv1 PDUs.
ScopedPDU	The ScopedPDU class represents a SNMPv3 scoped PDU.
SecureTarget	The SecureTarget is an security model independent abstract class for all targets supporting secure SNMP communication.
Session	Session defines a common interface for all classes that implement SNMP protocol operations based on SNMP4J.
Snmp	The Snmp class is the core of SNMP4J.
Snmp.ReportHandler	Interface for handling reports.
SNMP4JSettings	The SNMP4JSettings class implements a central configuration class of the SNMP4J framework.
SNMP4JSettings.ReportSecurityLevelStrategy	Specifies how the security level of retry requests after a REPORT PDU is set.
SNMP4JSettings.Snmp4jStatistics
Target	A Target interface defines an abstract representation of a remote SNMP entity.
TimeoutModel	The TimeoutModel is the common interface for all models of timing out a SNMP request.
TransportMapping<A extends Address>	The TransportMapping defines the common interface for SNMP transport mappings.
TransportStateReference	The TransportStateReference class holds information defined by RFC 5343 for the tmStateReference ASI elements.
User	Common interface that has to be implemented by all user based security models user classes.
UserTarget	User based target for SNMPv3 or later.